Strategic Orbits: EU Policy and the Complexities of Space Security: DOI: http://dx.doi.org.10.18847/1.20.10

Abstract

The European Union increasingly recognizes the strategic importance of outer space as an essential domain for ensuring its strategic autonomy. Historically focused on scientific and technological development, the EU's space strategy has evolved to include dimensions of security and defense, driven by growing geopolitical competition and the need to protect critical infrastructure from emerging threats. The EU’s space strategy is based on two key pillars: the development of dual-use capabilities and the promotion of a legal governance framework that fosters international cooperation. Despite its efforts, the EU remains a developing actor in space security, facing significant challenges such as the lack of internal harmonization among Member States and the limitations of a legal framework primarily adapted to state actors. The EU’s role as a neutral mediator among the main space powers presents a unique opportunity to influence space governance. To fully capitalize on this position, the EU seeks to overcome legal and structural limitations, improve internal coordination, and advance toward a unified space policy that consolidates its role in global space governance.