Abstract
Amid accelerating global transformations characterized by overlapping deficits in peace, development, security, and governance, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy has emerged as a significant theoretical achievement in adapting Marxism to contemporary Chinese diplomacy. It provides a fundamental framework for understanding China’s role as a major power and its approach to global governance. Drawing on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy as its theoretical perspective, this article systematically examines the conceptual innovations and practical contributions of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics across three dimensions: the transformation of global governance, the management of major-power relations, and the coordination of security and development.
In the dimension of global governance transformation, the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind serves as the core concept, while the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global Governance Initiative together constitute an integrated framework. Institutional arrangements such as the Global AI Governance Initiative and the World Data Organization, alongside practical platforms including the Belt and Road Initiative, demonstrate China’s contribution to promoting a more equitable and inclusive system of global governance. Regarding major-power relations, the study analyzes China–United States relations, the China–Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era, and China–European Union relations, revealing the guiding principles of non-alignment, non-confrontation, and non-targeting of third parties that underpin China’s major-country diplomacy. In the dimension of security and development, the holistic approach to national security emphasizes the interdependence between national security and common security, providing the theoretical foundation for China’s participation in global security governance.
The study argues that China, as a responsible major power, adheres to the principles of confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and mutually beneficial cooperation. Through Chinese modernization, the implementation of the four global initiatives, and the practice of comprehensive major-country diplomacy, China presents a viable approach to addressing global challenges and continues to serve as a force for peace, stability, and progress in a rapidly changing world.
